The common bed bug has long been a pest – feeding on blood, causing itchy bites and generally irritating their human hosts. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) all consider bed bugs a public health pest. However, unlike most public health pests, bed bugs are not known to transmit or spread disease.

 

Identifying Bed Bugs

Knowing what to look for is the first step in identifying and controlling bed bugs. There are many bugs that look like bed bugs so accurate identification is a critical first step to avoid costly treatment for the wrong bug.

Adult bed bugs

  • about the size of an apple seed (5-7 mm or 3/16 - 1/4 inch long)
  • long and brown, with a flat, oval-shaped body (if not fed recently)
  • balloon-like, reddish-brown, and more elongated (if fed recently)
  • smelly, with a “musty-sweetish” odor produced by glands on the lower side of the body.

Young bed bugs (also called nymphs):

  • smaller, translucent or whitish-yellow in color
  • if not recently fed, they can be nearly invisible to the naked eye because of coloring and size.

Bed bug eggs:

  • tiny, the size of a pinhead
  • pearl-white in color
  • marked by an eye spot if more than five days old.
Actual size of a bed bug Actual size of a bed bug
Life cycle of the bed bug.

Signs of Bed Bugs

  • Bites on your body
  • Bloodstains
  • Dark spotting along the mattress and edges of walls and furniture
  • Molting of exoskeletons that have been shed

 

Top Ten Tips to Prevent or Control Bed Bugs

1. Make sure you really have bed bugs, not fleas, ticks or other insects.

 

2. Don't panic.

It can be difficult to eliminate bed bugs, but it’s not impossible. Don’t throw out all of your things because most of them can be treated and saved. Throwing stuff out is expensive, may spread the bed bugs to other people's homes and could cause more stress.

 

3. Be comprehensive in your approach. Try other things first.

Integrated pest management (IPM) techniques may reduce the number of bed bugs and limit your contact with pesticides. If pesticides are needed, always follow label directions or hire a professional.

 

4. Reduce the number of hiding places - Clean up the clutter.

A cluttered home provides more places for bed bugs to hide and makes locating and treating them harder. If bed bugs are on your mattress, using special bed bug covers (encasements) on your mattress and box springs makes it harder for bed bugs to get to you while you sleep. Leave the encasements on for a year. Be sure to buy a product that has been tested for bed bugs and is strong enough to last for the full year without tearing.

 

5. Regularly wash and heat-dry your bed sheets, blankets, bedspreads, and any clothing that touches the floor.

This reduces the number of bed bugs. Bed bugs and their eggs can hide in laundry containers/hampers Remember to clean them when you do the laundry.

 

6. Do-it-yourself freezing may not be a reliable method for bed bug control.

While freezing can kill bed bugs, temperatures must remain very low for a long time. Home freezers may not be cold enough to kill bed bugs; always use a thermometer to accurately check the temperature. Putting things outside in freezing temperatures could kill bed bugs, but there are many factors that can affect the success of this method.

 

7. Kill bed bugs with heat, but be very careful.

Raising the indoor temperature with the thermostat or space heaters won’t do the job. Special equipment and very high temperatures are necessary for successful heat treatment. Black plastic bags in the sun might work to kill bed bugs in luggage or small items if the contents become hot enough. Bed bugs die when their body temperatures reach 45°C (113°F). To kill bed bugs with heat, the room or container must be even hotter to ensure sustained heat reaches the bugs no matter where they are hiding.

 

8. Don't pass your bed bugs on to others.

Bed bugs are good hitchhikers. If you throw out a mattress or furniture that has bed bugs in it, you should slash or in some way destroy it so that no one else takes it and gets bed bugs.

 

9. Reduce the number of bed bugs to reduce bites.

Thorough vacuuming can get rid of some of your bed bugs. Carefully vacuum rugs, floors, upholstered furniture, bed frames, under beds, around bed legs, and all cracks and crevices around the room. Change the bag after each use so the bed bugs can’t escape. Place the used bag in a tightly sealed plastic bag and in an outside garbage bin.

 

10. Turn to the professionals, recommended over do-it-yourself chemical treatments.

Hiring an experienced, responsible pest control professional can increase your chance of success in getting rid of bed bugs. If you hire an expert, be sure it’s a company with a good reputation and request that it use an IPM approach. Contact your state pesticide agency for guidance about hiring professional pest control companies.

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